Nautilus Facts

The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is a large, mobile cephalopod which is called a living fossil and has been the subject of poetry, artwork, math, and jewelry. They have even inspired the names of submarines and exercise equipment. These animals have been around for about 500 million years—even before the dinosaurs. Fast Facts: Chambered Nautilus Scientific Name: Nautilus pompiliusCommon Name: Chambered nautilusBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 8–10 inches in diameterWeight: Maximum of 2.8 poundsLifespan: 15–20 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Oceans in the Indo-Pacific regionConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Nautiluses are invertebrates, cephalopods, and mollusks related to octopus, cuttlefish, and squid. Of all the cephalopods, nautiluses are the only animal to have a visible shell. The shell is not only beautiful, but it also provides protection. The nautilus can withdraw into the shell and seal it closed with a fleshy trapdoor called a hood. Nautilus shells can reach up to 8–10 inches in diameter. They are white on the underside with brown stripes on its upper side. This coloration helps  the nautilus blend into its surroundings. The shell of an adult nautilus contains over 30 chambers which form as the nautilus grows, following a genetically-hardwired shape known as a logarithmic spiral.  The nautiluss soft body is located in the largest, outermost chamber; the remainder of the chambers are ballast tanks that help the nautilus maintain buoyancy. When a nautilus approaches the surface, its chambers fill with gas. A duct called the siphuncle connects the chambers so that, when necessary, the nautilus can flood the chambers with water to make itself sink again. This water enters the mantle cavity and is expelled through a siphon. Chambered nautiluses have many more tentacles  than their squid, octopus and cuttlefish relatives. They have about 90 thin tentacles, which do not have suckers. Squid and cuttlefish have two and octopus have none. Geoff Brightling/Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images Species These several species are in the Nautilidae family, including five species in the genus Nautilus (Nautilus belauensis, N. macromphalus, N. pompilius, N. repertus, and N. stenomphelus) and two species in the genus Allonautilus (Allonautilus perforatus and A.  scrobiculatus). The largest of the species is N. repertus (the emperor nautilus), with a shell measuring from 8 to 10 inches in diameter and soft body parts weighing nearly 2.8 pounds. The smallest is the bellybutton nautilus (N. macromphalus), which only grows 6–7 inches. ​ Allonautilus was recently  re-discovered  in the South Pacific after thought extinct for some 30 years. These animals have a distinctive, fuzzy-looking shell.   Habitat and Distribution Nautilus pompilius is only found in the dimly lit tropical and warm temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific region in southeast Asia and Australia. It is the most widespread of any of the nautiluses and like most of the species, it spends most of the day at depths up to 2,300 feet. At night it migrates slowly up the coral reef slopes to forage for food at about 250 feet deep. Diet and Behavior Nautiluses are primarily scavengers of dead crustaceans, fish, and other organisms, even other nautiluses. However, they do prey on (living) hermit crabs and dig in the soft sediments of the sea floor for small prey pieces. Nautiluses have poor vision with two large but primitive pinhole eyes. Under each eye is a fleshy papilla about a tenth of an inch long called a rhinophore that the nautilus uses to detect its prey. When a dead fish or crustacean is detected by the nautilus, it extends its thin tentacles and swims towards the prey.  The nautilus grips the prey with its tentacles and then rips it into shreds with their beak before passing it to the radula. A nautilus moves by jet propulsion. Water enters the mantle cavity and  is forced out the siphon to propel the nautilus backward, forward, or sideways. Reproduction and Offspring With a lifespan of 15–20 years, nautiluses are the longest-living cephalopods. They take from10 to more than 15 years to become sexually mature. Nautiluses must move into warmer tropical waters to mate, and then they mate sexually when the male transfers his sperm packet to the female using a modified tentacle called a spadix. The female produces between 10 and 20 eggs each year, laying them one at a time, a process that may last throughout the year. It can take up to a year for the eggs to hatch.   Richard Merritt FRPS/Moment/Getty Images Evolutionary History Long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth, giant cephalopods swam in the sea.  The nautilus is the oldest cephalopod ancestor. It hasnt changed much over the last 500 million years, hence the name living fossil.   At first, prehistoric nautiloids had straight shells, but these evolved into a coiled shape. Prehistoric nautiluses had shells up to 10 feet in size. They dominated the seas, as fish hadnt yet evolved to compete with them for prey.  The nautiluss main prey was likely a type of arthropod called the trilobite. Threats None of the nautiluses are listed as threatened or endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, ongoing threats to nautiluses are recognized, including over-harvesting, habitat loss, and climate change.  One climate change-related issue is ocean acidification, which affects the nautiluss ability to build its calcium carbonate-based shell. Nautilus populations in some areas (such as in the Philippines) are declining due to over-fishing.  Nautiluses are caught in baited traps to be sold as live specimens, meat, and shells. Shells are used to make handicrafts, buttons, and jewelry, while the meat is consumed and live animals are collected for aquariums and scientific research.  According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, more than half a  million nautiluses  were  imported into the U.S. from 2005–2008.   Intensive nautilus fisheries are short-lived and devastating to local populations. Within about a decade or two, the locations become commercially nonviable. Nautiluses are especially vulnerable to over-fishing due to their slow development and reproduction rates. Populations also seem to be isolated, with little gene flow between populations and less able to recover from a loss. Although the IUCN has not yet reviewed nautilus for inclusion on the Red List due to lack of data, in January 2017, the entire family of chambered nautiluses (Nautilidae) was listed in the U.S. CITES Appendix II. This means that CITES documentation will be required for import and re-export of these species and items made from them.   Saving the Nautilus To help nautiluses, you can support nautilus research and avoid purchasing products made of a nautilus shell.  These include the shells  themselves as well as pearls and other jewelry made from the nacre from the nautiluss shell.   Westend61/Westend61/Getty Images Sources Aquarium of the Pacific.  Chambered Nautilus.Barord, Gregory J., et al. Comparative Population Assessments of Nautilus Sp. In the Philippines, Australia, Fiji, and American Samoa Using Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems. PLOS One 9.6 (2014): e100799. Print.Broad, William J. Loving the Chambered Nautilus to Death. The New York Times, October 24, 2011.Chambered nautilus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service International Affairs, 2017.  Daw, Adam and Gregory J. Barord. Aquarium Science: Husbandry of the Nautilus: Aspects of its Biology, Behavior, and Care. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine, 2007.  Dunstan, Andrew J., Peter D. Ward, and N. Justin Marshall. Vertical Distribution and Migration Patterns of Nautilus Pompilius. PLOS One 6.2 (2011): e16311. Print.Jereb, P., and C. F. E. Robert, eds. Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. Vol. 1: Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). Rome: Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare, 2005.  Platt, John R. Should We Stop Selling Nautilus Shells? Scientific American, June 12, 2014.Urton, James. Rare nautilus sighted for the first time in three decades. UW News, University of Washington, August 25, 2015.

Subliminal Advertising Essay - 1098 Words

Subliminal Advertising There is no doubt that advertising plays a monumental role in today’s society. In an article related to advertising Marshal McLuhan was quoted as saying ‘â€Å"The continuous pressure is to create ads more and more in the image of audience motives and desires†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Fowles 658). To achieve success in advertising, a company must pull at the consumers’ psyche long enough so they will stop and look at the product being displayed. To be at the top, advertisers need to go above and beyond, which can sometimes lead to deceitful practices. By definition subliminal messaging is a signal or message embedded in another message, designed to pass below the normal limits of perception. These messages are unapparent to the conscious†¦show more content†¦No human being lives outside of culture†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Kilbourne 10). Women are made to feel that if they purchase a certain product, they will look younger, have a more youthful glow, take ten pounds o ff, or whatever that certain product is promising at the time. Kids are made to believe through subliminal messaging that they need the certain toy, the new shoes or the ever popular video game. Sadly these are only a few examples of how advertising has lead people to believe that the basic needs are more than food, water and shelter. Everyone needs so much more now. Wilson Bryan Key, a professor at the former Western Ontario University, wrote many books on subliminal messages and advertising. Key believed that there are many hidden messages from movie boxes to magazine ads and that a majority of the messages are imbedded with sexual connotations. Key believed that the sexual tones aimed at the unconscious mind made the products more desirable to consumers. While many disagree with Key’s ideas, the fact remains that many products were pulled off of the market due to the sexual messages being discovered and offending consumers. The well known instance of this is when Pepsi introduced the â€Å"Cool Can† design in 1990 (Claims 2). When the cans were stacked on shelves, the word sex would pop out from the new design. After protest Pepsi decided to withdraw the design. There is also plenty of controversy regarding the subliminal messagesShow MoreRelatedSubliminal Advertising : Subliminal Advertisement2704 Words   |  11 Pagescorporations? Subliminal marketing involves the idea that an advertiser can display words or images during a commercial or broadcast so briefly that the viewer does not consciously notice them, but will still be subconsciously affected by them (Dwilson). Individuals are scared that they can be influenced like this, without being aware of it. But in reality, does Subliminal Advertising work? 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Interpersonal Relationships At The Workplace - 1614 Words

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The message is not only communicated through verbal words but all through gestures and facial expressions. For proper delivery of the message, the receiver has to signal the sender th at he or she has understood what the sender is trying to communicate. This is called feedback. Feedback is achieved through actions such shaking of one’s head in agreement and sound expressions such as â€Å"yea† and â€Å"aha†. Interpersonal communication is applied on a regular basis in our lives so as to achieve certain objectives. Superiors talk to their subordinates when issuing out instructions andShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communication in the workplace is developed positively or negatively on the individual relationships we have combined with our human behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. 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Leadership for Global Hospitality-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp

Question: Write a reflective essay on a person, historical or current, that you consider to be a leader. Answer: Leadership for global Hospitality A leader is a person who is believed to have the ability to direct and command people towards a specific direction and is bound by power and authority. In case of an organization, a leader has the mandate to lead people towards achieving the set organizational goals. Leadership styles or approaches used depends on the situation or circumstance under which leadership is exercised, example, a leader in a business organization may not lead the same way as that in a health center. This is because the situations are different and also the set goals to be achieved. Various leaders are successful in their various environments because of their various characteristics like their personality, leading styles, level of creativity, leadership skills among others. In this case, I focus on Bradford Banducci, chief executive officer of the Woolworths Group of companies (Wang, et al, 2011). Bradford Banducci has been the CEO of Woolworths since February in the year 2016, within the short period he has led the company a significant change in the level of success has been recorded. From the level of management to an improvement on the level of employees productivity, its evident that his ability to lead the company is beyond doubt. His ability to lead the company towards achieving the set organizational goals has been influenced by various leadership skills, example, his experience in the corporate sector over the years has been a key factor. Before joining the company, Brad had been working with various successful corporates in the market in various leading position where he significantly made a positive impact. He later joined the company and has been working as the head of liquor department before being appointed as the CEO of the company. Experience in every area is very important as it ensures that the leader understands the trends within his area of leadership and c an simply relate with the present happenings to enable his control towards achieving the set organizational goals (Gritzo, Fusfeld Carpenter, 2017). His level of education has also greatly enhanced his ability to lead the company towards success. With an undergraduate in commerce, degree in the same field and an MBA in management from the Australian Graduate School to me is all a leader requires to be able to enhance management control on all activities enhanced within the organization. Understanding the importance of effective management as a gear towards achieving the set organizational goals, its clear that Brads success in his work is as a result of his learned skills in the various education levels he has gone through. His way of observing and directing operational activities within the organization has also been influenced by his ability to understand the various operational procedures in a given organization like Woolworths. I have learned that a leader with educational adequacy in his field is able to be more productive than that who dont have the required education skills in his field as its clear from Bradford Banducci case (Duvall-Dickson, 2016). Leadership approach enhanced by Brad is transformational approach, this is an approach put in place to enhance positive changes within an organization to help achieve the set organizational goals. Reflecting from transformational theory perspective, a transformational leader is the one who gives orders to the follower and evaluates if the follower obeys the orders to either punish or reward the follower all with an aim of enhancing a positive change (Avolio, Walumbwa and Weber, 2009). Brad has been able to ensure that his ability positively influences the employees as well as the customers towards the set goals. His ability to improve customers culture by putting up measures to ensure that the customer is treated in the right way is one of the factors that have enhanced the companys success. Improved relationship with the employees as well as the existing suppliers has ensured that they remain loyal by ensuring they carry out their roles as expected, this has laid an impact in the la id success. Its important to note that, Brad has clearly defined his measures to ensuring that he positively transforms the company, this is important as unclear defined measures results to confusion and in some cases failure to achieving the set organizational goals Leadership directly affects the level of organizational performance, that is, efficient and effective leadership positively enhances the level of organizational performance while poor leadership negatively affects the level of organizational performance (Robertson, 2016). Brads ability to lead Woolworths through its operational activities as well as improving customers, employees and suppliers culture has highly ensured a significant improvement on the levels of productivity. His leadership approach has shown him also as a charismatic leader who motivates his able followers to perform towards achieving the set organizational goals. Comparing with other leaders in developed organizations in the international business, Brads style of leadership is unique in that in a very short time the companys performance has positively improved. I have learned that a leaders ability to lead and control his followers is what enhances or affects the level of productivity thus affecting the level of or ganizational performance through studying Bradford Banducci ways of leading the Woolworths Company (Brauckmann and Pashiardis, 2011). Traits and skills of a leader influences their behavior while at work as well as their level of success. A leader is entrusted with the role of coordinating all the activities of his or her followers depending on the situation in which leadership is exercised. Challenges experienced during leadership by the various leaders are different and the various ways of solving them are also different. Ability of the leader to solve any existing challenge depends on his ability to understand the cause of the challenge and come up with various measures on how to solve it (DuBrin, 2015). In case of Bradford Banducci, the various challenges he is facing are as a result of poor management of the company before he took his tenure in office. Some include poor marketing operations as well as high levels of competition. To solve this, Brad has ensured that he first understands the root causes of the existing challenges and come up with measures to solving them a skill that has enhanced success in his activities. Its important for all leaders to ensure they understand the existing challenges and their causes before suggesting any measures of solving them. If the challenges relate to the followers, its only good for a leader to understand their needs as well as their characteristics. Studying Bradford Banducci as a leader has helped me understand that leadership is an important process that requires an individual with coherent and appropriate skills in that specified field and that effective form of leadership is influenced by both behaviors of the leader as well as that of the workforce and their willingness to enhance organizational success. References Avolio, B.J., Walumbwa, F.O. and Weber, T.J., 2009. Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual review of psychology, 60, pp.421-449. Brauckmann, S. and Pashiardis, P., 2011. A validation study of the leadership styles of a holistic leadership theoretical framework. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(1), pp.11-32. DuBrin, A. J. (2015). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Duvall-Dickson, S 2016, 'Blending Tribes: Leadership Challenges in Mergers and Acquisitions', SAM Advanced Management Journal (07497075), 81, 4, pp. 16-22, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 15 November 2017. Gritzo, L., Fusfeld, A., Carpenter, D. (2017). Success Factors in RD Leadership: Leadership Skills and Attributes for RD Managers Analysis of data from a large-scale survey reveal the behaviors, skills, and attributes that distinguish successful RD leaders. Research-Technology Management, 60(4), 43-52. Robertson, J. (2016). Coaching leadership: Building educational leadership capacity through partnership. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. PO Box 3237, Wellington 6140 New Zealand. Wang, G., Oh, I.S., Courtright, S.H. and Colbert, A.E., 2011. Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research.