EMERSON :: essays research papers

â€Å"Society never advances. It recedes as fast on one side as it gains on the other.† Although written long ago these words by, Ralph Waldo Emerson still hold true today. Everyday in society people are making improvements, however, but these improvements also have equal drawbacks. Today we are using cutting edge technology to improve every aspect of our daily lives. For instance in today’s society the fields of Communication and Medicine are constantly advancing yet they both create significant losses. Technology has helped increase the speed of communication and decrease its cost. However, at the same time it has caused people to become more impersonal with each other. In earlier times the major form of communication was for people to visit each other and go to public meeting places. One of the next major advances was the telephone. Due to the telephone people no longer went to the public meeting places as often as they used to. As time goes on, new advances still allow people to contact and communicate with each other more easily. These advances such as faxes, beepers, and electronic mail, although seemingly making life easier, each help to decrease the earlier forms of communication. The field of medicine, like the field communication, also displays what Emerson was trying to say. This field too, which had many advances, has also caused many difficulties. As scientists and doctors try to come up with cures for the many diseases we have today, they are also making new ones. For example, when scientists went to Africa in search of a cure for a disease, they came back with monkeys that were contaminated with the Emboli virus. Today in Russia there are military bases where Russian scientists are creating thousands of germs and viruses to use in germ warfare. These germs and viruses are EMERSON :: essays research papers â€Å"Society never advances. It recedes as fast on one side as it gains on the other.† Although written long ago these words by, Ralph Waldo Emerson still hold true today. Everyday in society people are making improvements, however, but these improvements also have equal drawbacks. Today we are using cutting edge technology to improve every aspect of our daily lives. For instance in today’s society the fields of Communication and Medicine are constantly advancing yet they both create significant losses. Technology has helped increase the speed of communication and decrease its cost. However, at the same time it has caused people to become more impersonal with each other. In earlier times the major form of communication was for people to visit each other and go to public meeting places. One of the next major advances was the telephone. Due to the telephone people no longer went to the public meeting places as often as they used to. As time goes on, new advances still allow people to contact and communicate with each other more easily. These advances such as faxes, beepers, and electronic mail, although seemingly making life easier, each help to decrease the earlier forms of communication. The field of medicine, like the field communication, also displays what Emerson was trying to say. This field too, which had many advances, has also caused many difficulties. As scientists and doctors try to come up with cures for the many diseases we have today, they are also making new ones. For example, when scientists went to Africa in search of a cure for a disease, they came back with monkeys that were contaminated with the Emboli virus. Today in Russia there are military bases where Russian scientists are creating thousands of germs and viruses to use in germ warfare. These germs and viruses are

Golf Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Henrietta Koramoah What I learned-Poison Gas used in World War I I learned a lot about World War I and a lot about poison gas during this assignment. First I learned that poison gas was used as an accessory that killed a lot of people. I learned that the use of poison gas was started by France. They used poison gas against Germans in the war. Then Germans started using poison gas against most of the other country and their allies. The poison gas used was phosgene gas, mustard gas, chlorine, Asphyxiate, and Lachrymator (tearing agent).Most of these gases contain toxic and a harmful bacterium that can cause damage to humans immediately. Secondly I learned that for first time in the war; poison gas was like a weapon but only used to frighten soldiers. Even though the soldiers had their mask on, some were still injured. In 1917 when the United States joined the war, after defeated by the Germans most countries like the British got mask for their soldier and used poison gas as a respond t o their enemies such as the Germans.Thirdly I learned that, France and British made more mask to protect them from the pain of poison gas. The Germans defeated a lot of countries with the help of poison gas. Even though poison gas did injured and hurt a lot of people. The number of damages caused by poison gas was low to the damages caused by machine guns. And lastly I learned that Germans were blamed for the damages caused in the war, I thought that was a little bit unfair but I thought Germans had it coming. So in conclusion this is what I learned about poison gas in my I-Search assignment.

Human Impacts on Climate Essay

Al Gore’s documentary An Inconvenient Truth is not only informative but an eye opener especially for those living in the United States. Today global warming is not an obscure phenomenon but a reality that is being faced by everyone from Africa to Australia. Mankind’s actions are now more than ever before are changing the climate of Earth. These actions lead to effects which combine with the natural occurrences which have been taking place in history. In addition evidence from scientific research shows that natural impacts alone cannot be blamed for the increase in the global surface temperatures recorded in the past century. Man’s effect on Earth’s climate has several consequences like: †¢ Escalating concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere †¢ Air pollution †¢ Concentration of airborne particles †¢ Changes in land geology The major problem is the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cannot be compared historically as the levels today are much higher then ever before, the exception being when earth was hit by a meteorite etc. the changes and the increase in carbon dioxide have been witnessed since the modernization and industrialization which began in the 1700’s however the worst impact has been since fossil fuels were used excessively from the beginning of 1900 and this also led to change in the use of land. (American Geophysical Union) Al Gore, through statistics shows that there is a direct relationship between the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the air and the increase in climatic temperatures. Historically the first impact of the human presence on Earth’s geographical and biological systems occurred about 8,000 years ago, when individuals began to systematically cultivate land for agricultural purposes. However the initial impact was not as severe or drastic as the one which occurred in the 1700s. The industrial revolution has been supported and encouraged by the values which have led to glorifying consumption and economic development. (American Geophysical Union) It is a fact that this planet is heating up because of the human society and the greenhouse gases produced. According to the both The National Academy of Sciences and the United Nation have come to the conclusion that there is a relationship between human actions and the temperature increases. (Clark 1013) According a joint statement by G8 in addition to China, India and Brazil, that stated that scientific evidence was quite remarkable and there was no way for the nations but to take actions to stop this destruction. (Clark 1013) The reality is that if people keep on emitting greenhouse gases at this rate, atmospheric temperatures will keep on increasing, and the effect will be felt for generations in future. According to   even strict actions like Kyoto Protocol may be able to control the increasing carbon dioxide after a centaury at the minimum. According to Clark (1013) Research on ice cores by Fedorov et al. (2005) detailing the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature going back more then 400, 000 years has displayed that there is a strong correlation between carbon dioxide and temperatures. Studies show that historically there was never a time when there was so much carbon dioxide as now in addition the increase in carbon dioxide concentration has increased most rapidly in the past hundred years or so. (Clark 1014) In a news report on National Geographic in February, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) very assertively linked the man’s actions being responsible for the global warming and other climatic changes like increase in sea levels, storms and changing weather patterns. The report quotes Achim Steiner, executive director of the United Nations Environment Program, comment that: â€Å"Fossil fuel use, agriculture, and land-use change are fundamentally affecting the systems on our planet† (Roach) What Al Gore has done is just point out the facts in a simple style through his documentary so that general s can understand what is happening and do something about this very significant problem. Works Cited Human Impacts on Climate. American Geophysical Union. Adopted by Council December, 2003. AGU Release 03-35. Retrieved May 1 2007

History of the book Emma by Jane Austen essayEssay Writing Service

History of the book Emma by Jane Austen essayEssay Writing Service History of the book Emma by Jane Austen essay History of the book Emma by Jane Austen essay  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book Emma written by Jane Austen, a widely acclaimed English author, whose novels were published anonymously over the course of the 19-th century, is a great success with the public today. According to researchers, Jane Austen’s â€Å"continued success as a novelist is evident in the fact that many of her novels have been made into films or television series† (Green 18).   Emma is no exclusion. Jane Austen is considered to be one of the greatest English writers, while her novel Emma can be viewed by many literary critics as the greatest literary piece (Green 18). One of the critics who devoted his life to the analysis and criticism of Jane Austen’s works was R. V. Chapman, the editor of many scholarly editions of all books written by the author (McDonald 97). According to Richard McDonald, â€Å"Austen’s continued acclaim as a novelist is ensured by more than 180 years of praise from both critics and readers, but within her own lifetime her talents were seldom fully appreciated† (97). Jane Austen herself rated her literary abilities and talents too low. She was really surprised to learn about her novel’s success (Parrill 23).   In other words, she did not expect the acknowledgement of the public. Moreover, her concern regarding the fate of her books with the public was demonstrated in her personal relation to her heroines.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane Austen was born in 1775. Her birthplace was Steventon Rectory in Hampshire, England. Her father served as an incumbent. The family was â€Å"risen to prominence and prosperity in the Weald of Kent during the reign of Elizabeth I by way of sheep farming and the manufacture of woolen cloth† (Tucker 6). Her mother belonged to a higher social class. Jane Austen loved literature and enjoyed reading novels. As a child, she used to read books from her fath er’s library (Tucker 6). In addition, she borrowed books from her friends and city libraries. She shared her thoughts about the books she read with her family members. Jane Austen loved to read aloud. She started writing books and read aloud to her family members. She paid due attention to pauses, emphasis and tone of voice. As a result, her writing style is impressive (Tucker 6). Her book Emma is one of the most psychological writings. Jane Austen believed that this book would survive the test of time; therefore, she was interested in readers’ response to her works (Tucker 7). The novel Emma was the fourth published novel by Jane Austen. Actually, it was the last book to appear before her death. Both novels Persuasion and Northanger Abbey written by Jane Austen would be published posthumously (Galperin 189). Though many novels were published anonymously, many works by Austen were noticed by highly acclaimed literary critics and by a large number of literature lovers.T he history of the book Emma is unique. The author began to write her book in 1814 and completed it in 1815. The first edition of the book was published in December 1815 by an English publisher John Murray, the founder of the publishing house in London. It is known that Jane Austen submitted the manuscript of her new book to the publisher, six months after it was completed in order to receive the money she needed to pay the expenses for her brother’s illness (Baker 37). John Murray had a good reputation in London and could help the author of the book to achieve success. First, he received positive response from William Gifford who was well-known as an English critic and editor. Second, he â€Å"offered Jane Austen $450 for her copy of Emma plus the copyrights of Mansfield Park and Sense and Sensibility†(Baker 37). In fact, Jane Austen failed to approve the proposal made by John Murray. They came to an arrangement to publish the book Emma at Jane Austen’s expense with â€Å"profits to her after payment of 10% commission to the publisher† (Baker 37). Besides, Jane Austen had the copyrights of her works. The first edition of the book included 2000 copies. The selling price for the three volumes was only 1.1pound. By the end of the year 1816, 248 copies of the book Emma were sold in London and other large cities (Wenborn 35).   The author of the book would have earned 221pound, but the publisher included the losses he had for the book Mansfield Park and gave Jane Austen only 38 pounds. However, in 1818, only 565 copies of the book Emma were sold at the price of two shillings each. Compared Emma to Scott’s novel Rob Roy, published in the same period in 1817, over 10.000 copies were sold in less than two weeks (Wenborn 35). Thus, although many critics accepted Emma as a successful novel, there was no enormous public acceptance of the book. As a result, the second edition of the book was issued only in 1833. However, the scholarly edition edited by R. V. Chapman appeared in 1923. There were few correction made to the text of the novel. In addition, it has been found that Emma â€Å"was reissued, together with the other five novels, in Bentley’s Standard Novels series of 1832-33 and was reprinted in 1837, 1866and 1869† (Wenborn 35). According to Richard McDonald, â€Å"there are a number of good editions of the novel and many of them are augmented by historical and critical essays that can aid in the reader’s appreciation of the text and its critical history†(97). In the United States, Austen’s novel Emma was published without her knowledge in 1816. Besides, regular editions of this book came out over the course of the 19-th century- 20-th century. Although the author of Emma could earn only thirty eight pounds from the book during her lifetime, she hoped that her book would be highly appreciated after her death. Austen was 39 when she completed her novel. She died a year an d a half after the book’s publication (Wenborn 35).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The response to the novel Emma was unpredictable by the author of the book. Jane Austen collected the opinions regarding her novel Emma, analyzing the first responses to the works. As a rule, first responses documented â€Å"not only what her earliest readers made of her works, but also priorities and preconceptions about literature in the reading community of which Jane Austen was herself a part† (Halsey 95). The first responses to Emma gave explanation to further criticism because many themes appeared in critical commentaries about the novel over the course of the late 19-th century. Literary critics placed emphasis on the fact that characters described in the novel as well as the events were unnatural. According to Halsey, â€Å"Austen’s fidelity to detail and rejection of excess would also be noted, commented on and discussed in successive readers’ respons es to her work† (96). Richard Whately was one of the first critics of her novel Emma. He highlighted the ability of the author to â€Å"give fiction the perfect appearance of reality† (qtd. in Halsey 96). As a matter of fact, this assumption became a cornerstone of many critical responses of the public. Most of critics of the 19-th century defended her art and style. Jane Austen’s earliest readers loved her novel and characters, describing her writing as impressive, but there were people who through that Emma was â€Å"inferior to all the others† (qtd. in Halsey 96). In general, the book Emma was less popular than its predecessors, Sense and Sensibility and Mansfield Park.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the reactions of the earlier readers of the novel Emma placed emphasis on the qualities of the literary work. John Murray was one of the first readers of the novel. Another critic was Sir Walter Scott, a highly acclaimed novelist a nd â€Å"distinguished contributor to the influential Quarterly Review† (Thomas 53). He reviewed Emma, and assessed Jane Austen as a talented novelist. He was among the first critics who gave Jane Austen significant recognition that she was the novelist of distinction (Thomas 53). According to researchers, Scott’s review and criticism were focused on â€Å"the writer’s use of detail, fineness of prose style and depth of characterization† (Baker 96). Actually, Scott as a literary critic used these elements to assess the quality of Jane Austen’s fiction. He found that in her works, there is reality, which reflects the universe of fiction. According to Scott, in the novel Emma, there is obvious historical significance of a new â€Å"modern novel† in contrast to â€Å"sentimental romance, in which the nature imitated is a la belle nature† (qtd. in Baker 96). Scott highly praised the novel Emma for the author’s emphasis on realism. He credited Jane Austen as a new kind of novelist, because she was focused on producing the so-called realist novel (Thomas 53). According to Scott, Emma reflects â€Å"the art of coping from nature as she really exists in the common walks of life, and presenting †¦. a concrete and striking representation of that which is daily taking place† (qtd. in Thomas 53).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally speaking, the novel Emma was perceived differently by the 19-th century public. According to Ruth Thomas, â€Å"Emma made few waves in literary circles when it was first published in 1815†(53). In aristocratic circles, the book was very popular. The evidence of this popularity is Jane Austen’s dedication to the Prince Regent, which was made at request of the librarian who served Prince. The novel Emma helped the writer to feel self-esteem because many opinions and reviews were positive. Nevertheless, according to Scott, the novel Emma â€Å"went out of print for the next twenty years, suffering the penalty of being anti-romantic in an age of romanticism†(qtd. in Thomas 53). Most literary critics of the 19-th century and early 20-th century highlighted the writer’s ability to depict verisimilitude (Ellis 34). The most widely used epithets that described Jane Austen’s literary work were â€Å"natural† and â€Å"real† (Thomas 53). However, there were many objections to her writing style. Most of them were based on the representation of obvious limitations of settings and subjects in her work. In the early 1930s, the negative criticism toward Austen’s novel ceased as highly acclaimed literary critic F. R. Leavis called Jane Austen a classic novelist, placing her in the list of the greatest English novelists. Since that time, the novel Emma has been widely acclaimed for the talent of Austen.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many critics believe that in the novel Emma, the main heroine was not intended to be assessed by the public and the author as a sympathetic character. Barbara Z. Thaden states that many literary critics have discussed a number of dissimilarities between Emma and other heroines of Austen’s novels, but â€Å"few believe that Austen did not sympathize with Emma† (19). However, the commentary provided by Jane Austen’s nephew J.E. Austen-Leigh proves the fact that the author loved her heroine: â€Å"She was very fond of Emma, but did not reckon her being a general favorite; for, when commencing that work, she said, â€Å"I’m going to take a heroine whom no one but myself will much like† (qtd. in Thaden 19).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The numerous editions of the novel Emma are different because of different editors and their individual attitudes toward the book and the author, and time periods. The novel Emma was reprinted many times, as well as the other novels by Jane Austen. The well- known editors of the novel Emma were R.W. Chapman, Lionel Trilling, Stephen Parrish, Fiona Stafford and others (Thaden 19). Actually, the novel Emma is available in the Penguin Classics Editions, the World Classics Series, and the Everyday Library, presenting the distinguished list of editors, literary critics and commentators of the novel. According to researchers, due to the publication of Memoir written by Jane Austen’s nephew, James Edward Austen-Leigh in 1870, there was the so-called resurgence of readers’ interest in the novel Emma and other works by Jane Austen. He writes in the introduction of the second edition of Memoir published in 1871,The Memoir of my Aunt, Jane Austen, has been received with more favor that I had ventured to expect. The notices taken of it in the periodical press, as well as letters addressed to me by many with whom I am not personally acquainted, show that an unabated interest is still taken in every particular that can be told about her (Austen-Leigh 5).In R.W. Chapman’s edition of Emma, published in 1870, was based on recent criticism. Chapman considered the book one of the best novels produced by English writers. He expressed his attitude toward the author’s style, placing emphasis on the detailed description of Emma’s success in literary world. He wrote that the supremacy of the novel is concluded not in the forms of characterization selected by the author, but inthe matchless symmetry of its design, in the endless fascination of its technique, above all in the flow of the blood beneath the smooth polished skin: a flow of human charity and sympathy that beats with a steady pulse, rarely – but the more momentously – quickening to a throb that sets out own veins   lapping the unison (23).History of the book Emma by Jane Austen   essay part 2

List of Works by Writer Henrik Ibsen

List of Works by Writer Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen is one of the most famous and controversial writers in world literature. Born in Norway in 1828, his plays would make him a household name. Ibsen is a founder of the Modernist theater movement. His plays broke new ground and earned him the nickname the father of realism, a style of theater that focused on domestic interactions. The goal of realism was to create theater that resembled real life and had dialogue that sounded more natural. Ibsen is best known for the play A Dolls House, which deals with the limitations and harsh expectations of women at the time. Henrik Ibsen List of Works 1850 - Catiline (Catilina)1850 - The Burial Mound also known as The Warriors Barrow (Kjà ¦mpehà ¸jen)1851 - Norma (Norma)1852 - St. Johns Eve (Sancthansnatten)1854 - Lady Inger of Oestraat (Fru Inger til Østeraad)1855 - The Feast at Solhaug (Gildet paa Solhoug)1856 - Olaf Liljekrans (Olaf Liljekrans)1857 - The Vikings at Helgeland (Hà ¦rmà ¦ndene paa Helgeland)1862 - Digte - only released collection of poetry1862 - Loves Comedy (Kjà ¦rlighedens Komedie)1863 - The Pretenders (Kongs-Emnerne)1866 - Brand (Brand)1867 - Peer Gynt (Peer Gynt)1869 - The League of Youth (De unges Forbund)1873 - Emperor and Galilean (Kejser og Galilà ¦er)1877 - Pillars of Society (Samfundets Stà ¸tter)1879 - A Dolls House (Et Dukkehjem)1881 - Ghosts (Gengangere)1882 - An Enemy of the People (En Folkefiende)1884 - The Wild Duck (Vildanden)1886 - Rosmersholm (Rosmersholm)1888 - The Lady from the Sea (Fruen fra Havet)1890 - Hedda Gabler (Hedda Gabler)1892 - The Master Builder (Bygmester Solness)1896 - John Gabriel Borkman (John Gabriel Borkman) 1899 - When We Dead Awaken (Nà ¥r vi dà ¸de vaagner) Inspiration for A Dolls House Ibsens most famous work, which is often considered an early feminist masterpiece, was based on the life of Laura Kieler, a friend of the authors. Kieler had a rocky relationship with her husband. She asked Isben to help her find a publisher for her work, but the author refused. Kieler needed money to pay for her husbands medical bills. With no way to earn money, she decided to forge a loan. Her husband divorced her and had her committed to an asylum upon learning of her crime. Ibsen was deeply disturbed by what had happened and his role in it. Ibsen felt inspired to write A Dolls House, much of the protagonists plight is taken from Kielers ordeal. She served two years in the asylum before returning to her ex-husband and children. She would go on to become a successful Norwegian author but, to her dismay, was forever linked to Ibsens play.

CaseStudy Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

CaseStudy Paper - Case Study Example He relies on approximation and not knowledge or skills. Evidently, a supervisor Mac Evans has not motivation and time to supervise finished products (Slack, 2005). Contrary to job description, he only focuses on the last process instead of the general progress. Additionally, a new viscosity of greasex introduced to the machine does not match the initial design. The mismatch prevents achievement of real objectives. Last but importantly, the general laxity within personel contributes to various related problems. For example, the quality control unit headed by Hamler seems to having no clue of their work. They do not have timely assessment and adjustment of filling machines and lack contact with other departments with regards to production (Klein, 1992). Greasex is a company with a reputation in the service industry. The respect, however, is diffusing due to a sudden change in production system that results to production of high pressure cans beyond the recommended limit. In the wake of competition, a quick solution is inevitable not only to find the source of the problem but also to streamline functions for high productivity (Boyer & Verma, 2010). The team will make use of observation, quality assessment and administration of questionnaires to investigate and locate problems. Job appraisal will also be necessary to ensure employees remain relevant to the production process. Based on data collected, SPSS will be used for quantitative analysis. The analysis method will assist in painting feedback with regards to the research objective. Quality control techniques will also be used to match job description against performance of employees. The main intention of the team will not only be to find the problem but also viable alternatives. As such, a design criteria constituting possible solutions, period and responsible offices will be drawn. For example, assessment and quality control departments will form priority. It is important to know whether they are

Criminology Compare and contrast two methods of policing Essay

Criminology Compare and contrast two methods of policing - Essay Example This essay is going to draw clear comparison between these two types of policing by giving out the major similarities and differences between the two. First, the essay will discuss the two policing strategies in order to give a clear understanding about each one of them, before highlighting the key differences and the similarities. Community policing is defined as the collaboration between the community and the police officers in identifying and controlling crimes and other forms of disorders in the society. It is also referred to as community-oriented policing in some countries. Under community policing, the role of the police officers is not only to apprehend the bad elements in the society, but rather remain committed in serving the public in all aspects. Police are required to develop ties with members of the public, an element that enables them to work closely with the people they are protecting. Community policing is said to comprise of two major components namely the community partnership and the element of problem solving. This means that police officers are expected to build good relationships with members of the public as one of the ways of making crime detection easy. This also ensures that the resources meant for providing security to the public are effectively utilized in giving the public their m ost fundamental right; right to security. There are numerous compelling reasons that have made the security departments of most countries to adopt this type of policing. Most of these reasons are grounded on the history of policing, various researches that have been conducted in the security departments, the changing characteristics of crime, the shifting nature of communities as well as the rampant growth of disorders. Crime has been on a regular change for the past few decades especially in the western countries, where by new